Biofumigation Helps To Keep Toxic Chemicals Off Our Plants.

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Association (CSIRA) out of Australia is a world leader in the science of biofumigation; using plants that are naturally toxic to bugs, as green manure. This technique avoids or limits the use of pesticides that can make people sick. The Third International Biofumigation Symposium, hosted in Canberra this year, has just wrapped up. Countries from around the world shared their research into various methods of using green manure as an alternative to pesticides. Plants from the Brassica species, including horseradish, mustard and rape seed contain isothiocyanates (ITC’s), the compound responsible for imparting the Brassica species with their trademark “hot” flavor, are toxic to certain soil pests and pathogens. Not only is this technique healthier for us, but its low costs and increased crop yields really benefit third world countries who are struggling to produce enough food for their people.

Check out articles like this one at the All Things Eco Carnival.

The press release can be found on the CSIRA website.

Should You Give Your Children an Allowance?

Both of my kids are at an age where the question of allowance comes up. I have a 4 year old son and a 6 year old daughter who are learning to become consumers. I was shocked to find out that girls at her school are already getting all “brand namey” when my daughter came home from school and asked for a pair of Sketcher’s Breeze. My husband and I have made a point of explaining to our kids that commercials between their television programs are companies trying to sell their products to kids, and to look at these “mini shows” featuring toys, cereal or candy with a critical eye. I also suffer from wanting to get the one toy for my kids that will be the magic bullet that will keep them entertained for long stretches of time without me having to break up a fight or be involved in order to eek out some precious “me” time. There is a lot more cool stuff out there than when I was a kid, and I love cool stuff. The request for a pair of Sketcher’s Breeze made me stop and think. I have no good reason to buy her a pair (she has 3 pairs of sneakers already), and yet she wants them. Because I love to shop, I would normally just go out and buy them but that wouldn’t be, teaching her anything about working towards a financial goal.

I had heard musings about allowances not being a good idea, but when I researched online, I found almost universal agreement between financial planners, banks, parents and children about the learning value of an allowance. If our kids are going to make financial mistakes (and they will), don’t we want them to happen when they are dealing with $20 and not $20,000? The current line of thinking is that an age appropriate amount should be given on a regular basis to your children after a discussion has taken place about what the allowance is for. For example, as parents, it is our job to provide the basics of food, clothing, shelter and some entertainment, but if my daughter wants those shoes, over and above what she needs, she can buy them herself. In addition, there are different ways kids can use their money; save, spend or share. If you really want shrewd, financially savvy kids, teach them to put aside10-20% of their allowance into savings. Obviously, they are going to want to use the money to buy things for themselves, and they must be allowed to make mistakes. After buying cheap toys that break after one use, junior will quickly become a shrewd spender. Finally, you want to teach your kids the value of charity and community involvement. I enjoy taking my son to visit the cats at the SPCA. Each time we go, we stop at a pet store to pick up kitten food, or toys, or extra litter boxes to take along with us. I give the item to my son to hand into the SPCA and he looks forward to this simple act of making a contribution. Likely, your children have a passion. For my son, it is animals. For my daughter, it is learning. Teach them that they can use their money to benefit an organization that parallels their interests.

Lastly, it is important not to link allowances to chores. Don’t make receiving an allowance dependant upon chores done. When living in a family unit, all of us need to contribute in order to keep the household running smoothly. These are chores that we all have to do, including the kids. If a monetary value is placed on chores, the kids could choose to forego their allowance because they don’t feel like doing chores for that week. Having said that, if your little one is saving up for something big and wants to earn money faster, many sources recommend offering them jobs that go beyond normal household chores, like cleaning out the car, mowing the lawn, weeding the garden, sweeping out the fireplace, etc. Agree on a monetary value for this service ahead of time and be sure to pay them promptly so that they can learn the association between working hard and acheiving a desired goal.

The value of allowance is determined in a few different ways. Some websites suggest one dollar per year of age. Others suggest basing their allowance on that of their peers. Still others recommend estimating the amount that you are currently spending on “extras” and giving that amount each week. A really great piece of advice was to have your kids keep track their spending by recording the date, what they bought and the cost of the item. I was thinking that I would like to try this as well; although it may be frightening to closely examine my spending habits. Good financial mangement can and should start early. Maybe if the US was better at collectively managing money, the current debt situation might not be so desparate.

Read more parenting articles at the Modern Parent Blog.

Things to Consider When Posting on Facebook.

I have a Facebook account; as do most of the people I know. It is a wonderful social networking tool; a way for me to know the whereabouts and activities of extended family members. I am kept up to date on births, anniversaries, birthdays and other special occasions in peoples’ lives. I am compared with and ranked against all of my friends, I am sent drinks and quizzes and I have even had family arguments through Facebook. All of these things are stored, documented and could be sold to interested (and supposedly responsible) third parties. Not only does Facebook collect the information about you from what you enter; it can also gather information about you from other sources on the Internet. WTF?? Have a look at Facebook’s Terms of Use and Privacy Statement. Here is an excerpt: “We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile.” Despite this disclaimer, Facebook says that it will not sell any information that it gathers to any third party; I suppose the disclaimer is so that they can leave their options open for future opportunities.

A potential area of concern for young people should be how their current postings and activities will be viewed by potential employers and colleges when they become adults and venture into the world. It is difficult to remove things from the Internet once they are out there, and anyone with a computer can Google you to learn more about that beer bong party with the topless girls at the lake when you were 16. It used to be that you could delete your Facebook account, but your file would still remain in their system, but now, you are able to call Facebook and have your records erased. If you are concerned at all, contact Facebook and confirm that any record of your activity on their website has been erased. Be sure to ask your friends and family not to tag you in any photographs; especially embarrassing or compromising ones. Even though you may not have an account, doesn’t mean that your name won’t show up if you are tagged in a picture. On the very day that I wrote this article, Google News reported on the launch of Facebook Connect, an expansion that will make Facebook accessible to software makers who can use member information (with permission) to benefit their websites. Last year Facebook really took off when thousands of software applications were exclusively built for Facebook users. This new project is an expansion of this concept with tighter security restrictions. Last year, Facebook shut down 1000 applications for security violations and subsequently are instituting tighter controls over these applications.

I will continue to use my Facebook account. I like social networking, knowing what my friends and family are up to, and having an online event calendar chock a block full of invitations. It is an incredibly powerful tool for keeping connections alive. Just make sure to ask yourself if you are posting information that you wouldn’t mind anyone to read in the present or future and as with many things, read the disclaimers and policy statements.

Why Do Flu Viruses Affect Smokers Worse Than Non Smokers?

Researchers from the Yale School of Medicine have recently uncovered a potential explanation for why smokers experience worse symptoms from the same flu virus than non smokers. Traditionally, it was thought that smokers had compromised immune systems, but this study found the reverse to be true in mice. Mice were exposed to the equivalent of two cigarettes per day for two weeks, then given a mock flu virus. Rather than a decreased immune response, the mice had an overreactive immune response. Their bodies went into overdrive to sweep the virus from their systems. This overstimulation results in more inflammation and tissue scarring which lead to diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema.

The research article can be found at The Yale School of Medicine.

A full copy of the press release can be found at Eureka Alert.

Did You Know That Licking Your Wounds May Be Therapeudic?

Scientists have identified a component in human saliva that speeds up the process of wound healing, and can be easily produced in mass quantities in a lab. The protien is called histatin and was thought only to be an antibacterial until scientists were able to isolate it in a lab setting. They compared petri dishes containing cheek epithelial cells with an induced “wound”. One petri dish had histatin and the other did not. After 16 hours, the histatin bathed wound was almost completely closed, whereas the other still had a significant open portion.

This could be the reason why animals continue to lick their wounds and why cuts and sores in our mouth heal more quickly than external sores (except when you continue to bite the same swollen spot - Ouch!).

These scientists from the Federation of American Societies For Experimental Biology have great hopes to develop histatin to treat stubborn diabetic wounds and foot ulcers.

The full press release can be found at Eureka Alert .

It is to be published in the November 2008 edition of FASEB Journal.

Did You Know That Some Scented Laundry Products Have VOC’s

Volatile organic compounds, or VOC’s were found in 6 top selling laundry and air freshener products that were not listed on the ingredient label. Even the usually reliable Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the products in question only listed “a mixture of scented oils” in their ingredient description. Anne Steinemann, a professor of Civil and Environmental engineering at the University of Washington was inspired to investigate toxins in these scented products due to a large number of complaints being made that they cause allergies and asthma. The method used to measure VOC’s was to leave an amount of the product sitting in the open lab, and measuring the concentrations and indentities of the VOC’s in the surrounding air. She found the following chemicals: acetone (nail polish remover ingredient), limonene, a molecule with a citrus scent; and acetaldehyde, chloromethane and 1,4-dioxane.

Acetone - toxic by inhalation, ingestion or absorption through skin.

Limonene - used to impart a citrus odour is a known skin irritant and sensitizer. It is used in cosmetics, which begs the question; why use a known skin irritant in a product for the skin?

Acetaldehyde - is toxic when applied externally, is an irritant and a possible carcinogen.

Chloromethane - causes central nervous system effects (altered state), difficulty breathing, paralysis, seizures and coma. It also causes birth defects. This chemical used to be used as a refrigerant, but is no longer used due to its toxicity, so what is it doing in our laundry and freshener products?

1,4 Dioxane - listed by the CDC as causing eye, ear, nose and throat irritation, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, kidney failure and possibly a carcinogen. Wow, this product is both hazardous in the air and in our laundry!

Unfortunately, the study did not reveal the brand names of these 6 products, but the idea is to stay away from scented laundry products and air fresheners whose ingredients are totally transparent.

The full press release can be found at Eureka Alert.

Click here to find the University of Washington website.

Did You Know That Raw Runner Beans Are Toxic?

I love Scarlet runner beans. They both look beautiful and taste yummy. At times, I would over eagerly rush into my garden to see my newly formed “babies” and to savor their delicate flavor fresh off the vine. It came as a shock to me to discover that Scarlet and other runner beans should be thoroughly cooked before eaten due to the presence of lectin phytohemagglutinin, a chemical that causes red blood cells to clump together. This same hemagglutinin is responsible for giving the influenza virus its heartiness. Phytohemagglutinins also stimulates cell division and changes the cell membrane permeability to proteins.

Poisoning can occur by eating as few as FIVE raw beans. Symptoms show up about 3 hours after ingestion and include nausea, vomitting and diarrhea. Eight hours after ingestion, the symptoms should abate with no medical intervention necessary.

As is the case with many plant toxins, scientists have found a way to use phytohemagglutinin to their advantage in medicine. It is used to stimulate the production of T-cells and to track nerve signals in the brain.

Continue to grow and admire your Runner beans, but be sure to cook them thoroughly before eating them.

A copy of this article and other great gardening articles can be found at Her Gardening Blog.

Did You Know That Raw Soybeans Are Toxic?

My husband and I have an extensive garden. I suggested one day that he grow soybeans because they are so tasty as edamame. He told me that unprocessed soybeans are toxic. Skeptical to the end, I decided to go online, where the answer would be at my fingertips. I was shocked. There are actually several substances in unprocessed soybeans that are very unhealthy for you including phytoestrogens, antienzymes, hemagglutinin, phytates and goitrogens and a breakdown of the effect that each of these substances has on the body will follow. Fermentation reduces or eliminates many of these toxic chemicals. Fermented soy products include tempeh and miso; however, processed unfermented soy products still contain many of the harmful ingredients that raw soybeans have. In addition, hexane is one method for separating out the oil from the bean and is a known carcinogen. Most of the hexane is removed through distillation, however, some residue remains and manufacturers are not obligated to provide hexane amounts in their list of ingredients. Aluminum is high in soy baby formula because the process of making soy protein isolate involves giving the soy beans and acid wash in aluminum tanks resulting in some soy based formulas having up to 100 times more aluminum than in cow’s milk.

Phytoestrogens and Goitrogens are present in raw soybeans in the form of isoflavones. There is some controversy over the effect that these non nutrients have. Some sources say that these estrogen mimicking plant products can reduce male fertility if eaten in large quantities; especially during childhood. In the July 24/08 edition of Human Reproduction, a leading health journal in Europe, there is an article that has studied the effect of eating an average of half a serving per day of soybean products and found that consumption lead to a significant decrease in sperm count. Other sources indicate that this effect is minimal to non existent and in addition, the small amount of plant estrogen can reduce the incidence of prostate cancer. These same phytoestrogens found in soy beans also depress thyroid function and may cause goiter if consumed regularly over a long period of time. Even processing doesn’t denature phytoestrogens.

Antienzymes, specifically, a tripsin antagonist is one of the most troublesome elements in the raw soybean. Tripsin is required by the small intestine to digest protein. Without it, the pancreas have to work overtime to allow protein to move through the digestion process. Raw soy flour is known to cause pancreatic cancer in rats. Tripsin also interferes with the uptake of the protein that naturally occurs in the soybean, defeating its own purpose in vegan diets. There really isn’t any controversy over this component of the soybean, except to say that high heat and fermentation take care of a lot of the tripsin antagonist, but not all. In addition soy milk and baby formula still contain significant amounts of tripsin antagonist and manufacturers do not have to disclose the antitripsin concentration on their ingredient labels.

Hemagglutinin or phytohemagglutinin is found in soybeans and many other beans including red and white kidney beans, fava beans and in some green beans. This substance binds red blood cells (and some white blood cells) into clumps that can turn into blood clots. Tofu contains reduced amounts - it isn’t fermented, while fermentation denatures hemagglutinins.

Soybeans are very high in phytates, chemicals that prevent the uptake of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc by the body. If the diet isn’t adequately supplemented with foods high in these substances, a diet high in soy could put you at risk for severe mineral deficiency. Fermented products contain less phytates, but tofu has the same amount as in the unprocessed bean. In addition, soy milk has high amounts of phytates. The process of making soy milk, while we are on the subject, removes the amino acids lysine and cystine and denatures the proteins that naturally occur, making any protein remaining in the soy milk to be virtually undigestible.

Lastly, a note should be made about pesticides and herbicides. Soy beans are a huge cash crop in the United States; most hydrogenated vegetable oils use soy bean oil as their base. These pesticides and herbicides remain in soy products after processing. If I were feeding my family, I would go with organic tofu. As with all food products, read your ingredient labels and consume in moderation.

Viagra Used to Treat Women With Sexual Dysfunction.

Antidepressants are the number one outpatient prescribed drug across the United States. There are a specific class of antidepressants called SSRI’s or SRI’s: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors that are widely used, but can cause sexual side effects including decreased lubrication and arousal and delayed orgasm. In a study published in the July 23 Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 49 participants taking an SRI were given a placebo and 49 participants taking an SRI were given Sildenafil (generic form of Viagra). 72% of women taking Sildenafil two hours before sexual activity noted an improvement in sexual function. This is a promising finding considering that many people - men and women discontinue treatment and subsequently suffer a relapse as a result of the adverse sexual side effects caused by SRI’s. Side effects include flushing, headaches and indigestion.

The original article was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

The press release can be found at Eureka Alert.

Local Hospitals Scan Fewer Lymph Nodes For Cancer Metastases.

Researchers at Northwestern University in the United States have found that small, local hospitals check fewer lymph nodes for possible metastases of pancreatic and gastric cancer than larger, more central hospitals. The standard medical practice at larger hospitals is to check 15 regional lymph nodes for the presence of cancer. Maybe doctors have less time and resources to dedicate to a thorough check, leading to a potential misdiagnosis of being cancer free. Lymph nodes are a sort of cancer super highway; once tumor cells have spread to nodes, it quickly invades other areas of the body, underlining the importance for checking all 15 lymph nodes.

It is vitally important to carefully check for remaining malignant cells after treatment for pancreatic cancer because the 5 year survival rate is less than 5% and most people die within the first 3 to 6 months of diagnosis! What can Americans do about this? If able, try to get treatment at a larger hospital that performs more tumor removal surgeries and is more experienced in post surgical follow up. Barring this, ask that your doctor check all 15 local lymph nodes after being treated for pancreatic or gastric cancer.

A full version of the original press release can be found at Eureka Alert!

The original research was done at Northwestern University.